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MCARBO 22lr Ballistics Chart will give you a wide array of technical information to include 22lr Muzzle Velocity and 22lr Muzzle Energy for popular cartridges like the CCI 22LR Stinger Ballistics, Remington Golden Bullet and Winchester 22LR Ballistics. Obert, Thermodynamics, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1948. 22lr Ammo Ballistics between 27 different 22lr cartridges. The subsequent crackdowns by local law enforcement led to many seizures, arrests and prosecutions of individual owners for "trafficking and possession of illegal weapons" over the years for weapons that were previously permitted. For comparison a standard baseball changeup thrown at 75 mph (34 m/s) has 1.951 J/cm 2 of "ratio energy" which also exceeds the 1.8 J/cm 2 level of a real firearm while a fastball can reach over 3.5 J/cm 2 or nearly double the level of a real firearm. This caused many existing toy gun products on the Chinese market (particularly airsoft) to become illegal overnight, as almost all airsoft guns shooting a standard 0.20 gram 6 mm pellet have a muzzle velocity over 250 ft/s (76 m/s), which translates to more than 0.58 J (0.43 ft⋅lbf) of muzzle energy, or 2.0536 J/cm 2 of "ratio energy". The Ministry of Public Security unilaterally introduced the concept in 2008 leading up to the Beijing Olympic Games, dictating that anything over 1.8 J/ cm 2 to be defined as real firearms. Mainland China uses a varied concept of " muzzle ratio kinetic energy" ( Chinese: 枪口比动能), which is the quotient ( ratio) of the muzzle energy divided by the bore cross sectional area, to distinguish genuine guns from "imitation" replicas like toy guns. In Germany airsoft guns with a muzzle energy of no more than 0.5 J are exempt from the gun law, while air guns with a muzzle energy of no more than 7.5 J may be acquired without a firearms license. Namibia specifies three levels of minimum muzzle energy for hunting, 1350 J for game such as springbok, 2700 J for game such as hartebeest and 5400 J for big game, together with a minimum caliber of 7 mm. For example, in Denmark rifle ammunition used for hunting the largest types of game there such as red deer must have a kinetic energy E 100 (i.e.: at 100 m range) of at least 2700 J and a bullet mass of at least 9 g or alternatively an E 100 of at least 2000 J and a bullet mass of at least 10 g. Some jurisdictions also stipulate minimum muzzle energies for safe hunting.
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Firearms regulation in the United Kingdom is a complicated example, but is demarked by muzzle energy as well as barrel length and ammunition diameter. Overview of gun laws by nation indicates the various approaches taken. In general guns that have the potential to be more dangerous have tighter controls, while those of minimal energy, such as small air pistols or air rifles, require little more than user registration, or in some countries have no restrictions at all. Many parts of the world use muzzle energy to classify guns into categories that require different categories of licence.